U okviru aktivnosti socijalne inkluzije za romske devojčice iz Vranja organizovan je događaj u okviru koga smo posetili zoološki vrt „Mišić“ u mestu Dulan koje je udaljeno 8 km od Vranja. Devojčice iz Vranja i okoline, njih 18 koliko ih je bilo na ovom izletu, do sada nisu imale priliku da posete zoološki vrt, niti da prisustvuju nekom ovako organizovanom događaju. Devojčice su bile oduševljene konjima, zebrom, majmunima i drugim životinjama, od kojih su neke videle po prvi put uživo u ovom zoološkom vrtu.

Aktivnost socijalne inkluzije doprinela je da učesnice aktivno učestvuju u ovom dogadjaju. Devojčice su nam prenele da se do sada nisu međusobno družile van svoje zajednice i škole i da bi volele da imaju još ovakvih prilika da posete različita mesta u okolini Vranja, učestvuju u sličnim aktivnostima i nastave druženje. Posle obilaska zooloskog vrta, organizovan je ručak u restoranu koji je u sklopu zooloskog vrta.

Posebnu zahvalnost za realizaciju ovog događaja dugujemo našoj saradnici Marini Damjanovski i udruženju Glas Vranja.

Ova aktivnost socijalne inkluzije realizovana je u okviru projekta „Prevencija i eliminacija dečjih brakova u Srbiji“ koji finansiraju Ambasada Kraljevine Holandije u Srbiji i Ministarstvo za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj Savezne Republike Nemačke (BMZ) u okviru programa Nemačke razvojne saradnje „Inkluzija Roma i drugih marginalizovanih grupa u Srbiji“.

Proveli smo predivan dan u druženju i uživali u prirodnim lepotama Zaltibora sa devojčicama iz Kragujevca, koje su u proteklih par meseci učestvovale u socioedukativnim radionicama na temu prevencije dečjih brakova. Pored toga što su imale priliku da izaberu destinaciju i da pozovu ostale dugarice i drugare sa kojima žele da provedu dan, devojčice su preuzele obavezu da sazovu sastanak sa roditeljima, predstave plan izleta i prikupe potrebne saglasnosti od njih tako da su dale značajan doprinos i samoj organizaciji. Posebnu zahvalnost za realizaciju ovog događaja dugujemo našoj dugogodišnjoj saradnici Emini Nikolić, i svakako organizaciji Romanipen iz Kragujevca.

Posetili smo Stopića pećinu koja je jedna od najuređenijih pećina u Srbiji i istovremeno zaštićeno prirodno dobro od izuzetnog značaja, muzej na otvorenom Staro selo u mestu Sirogojno, vodopad u Gostilju koji se ubraja u najviše prirodne vodopade u Srbiji i atraktivni El Paso City i zaista zanimljive ambijentalne celine koje se u njemu nalaze. Deca do sada nisu imala priliku da posete ove sadržaje tako da su zaista uživali i stekli nova iskustva i utiske.

Dan smo iskoristili da se družimo, da razgovaramo o planovima za budućnost i mogućnostima koje imaju pred sobom u pogledu daljeg razvoja i da utičemo na jačanje svesti o značaju obrazovanja i sticanja veština na putu njihovog ličnog i ekonomskog osamostaljivanja.

Ova aktivnost socijalne inkluzije realizovana je u okviru projekta „Prevencija i eliminacija dečjih brakova u Srbiji“ koji finansiraju Ambasada Kraljevine Holandije u Srbiji i Ministarstvo za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj Savezne Republike Nemačke (BMZ) u okviru programa Nemačke razvojne saradnje „Inkluzija Roma i drugih marginalizovanih grupa u Srbiji“.

U nedelji za nama posetili smo Palić sa grupom devojčica iz Čantavira i Subotice, a sam izlet je bio prilika za druženje i razgovor o o različitim životnim opcijama i mogućnostima, kao i za podizanje svesti romskih devojčica kako bi u u potpunosti bile društveno uključene i ravnopravni članovi društva. Mnogim devojčicama je ovo bio prvi put da posećuju ovu turističku atrakciju, a nekoliko devojčica se prvi put vozilo autobusom, te im je i ovaj deo današnjeg dana predstavljao novo iskustvo i izazvao dodatan utisak.

Deca su vidno bila oduševljena Palićem, a nakon obilaska jezera i ručka, posetili smo zoološki vrt, gde su uživali u prirodi u kojoj je sam vrt smešten. U vrtu raste preko 270 vrsta drveća od kojih su mnoga retke i egzotične vrste, poput libanskog kedra i džinovske sekvoje ili ariša. Deluje kao je preko 65 vrsta životinja smešteno u prirodno okruženje, barijere su teško vidljive, te je dečji utisak bio autentičniji i jači. Nakon što su nekoliko puta obišle ceo zoo vrt, učesnice su preostalo vreme iskoristile na igralištu koje postoji u samom vrtu.

Devojčice koje su bile na ovoj aktivnosti su se dodatno zbližile. Smatramo da su radionice i ovakve aktivnosti u kojima se direktno radi sa decom i osluškuju njihovi problemi, potrebe i želje najbolji način da se deci priđe i utiče na njihovo ponašanje. Većina devojčica iz ove grupe od svojih porodica ne može očekivati da im upriliče jedan ovakav dan, zato je potrebno da društvo i organizacije koje imaju sluha i sredstava reaguju i iskoriste svoja sredstva i resurse da uključe ove devojčice u sve prilike koje društvo nudi. Posebno se zahvaljujemo našoj saradnici Klaudiji Kurini i Udruženju Roma Ači.

Ova aktivnost socijalne inkluzije realizovana je u okviru projekta „Prevencija i eliminacija dečjih brakova u Srbiji“ koji finansiraju Ambasada Kraljevine Holandije u Srbiji i Ministarstvo za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj Savezne Republike Nemačke (BMZ) u okviru programa Nemačke razvojne saradnje „Inkluzija Roma i drugih marginalizovanih grupa u Srbiji“.

Učesnici i učesnice prvog kruga radionica „Pravo na jednake šanse u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja i mere i programi Nacionalne službe za zapošljavanje namenjeni teže zapošljivim kategorijama“ imali su priliku da se detaljno informišu o pravima iz oblasti rada i zapošljavanja, merama i programima Nacionalne službe za zapošljavanje, kao i o značaju aktivne uloge pojedinaca u procesu traženja posla, mogućnostima i raspoloživim resursima u smislu unapređenja profesionalnih kompetencija, znanja i veština.

Predstavnici Nacionalne službe za zapošljavanje na održanim radionicama približili su zainteresovanima mere za podsticanje zapošljavanja osetljivih grupa, kao što su subvencije za zapošljavanje i samozapošljavanje, pokretanje sopstvenog biznisa, sticanje praktičnih veština, prekvalifikacije i programe dokvalifikacije za povećanje nivoa kompetencija i zapošljivosti na tržištu rada, program javnih radova, obuka za aktivno traženje zaposlenja, obuka po zahtevima poslodavaca, kao i program funkcionalnog osnovnog obrazovanja. Tokom prvog kruga radionica, oni su imali priliku da dobiju konkretne odgovore na pitanja u vezi zapošljavanja, kao i podrške i pomoći koju pruža Nacionalna služba za zapošljavanje.

Istovremeno, uočen je problem nedostatka raspoložive kvalifikovane radne snage. Stoga je posebno isticana neophodnost funkcionalnog obrazovanja odraslih, koje je preduslov za unapređenje konkurentnosti na tržištu rada. Na održanim radionicama, učesnici i učesnice osnaženi su da se aktivno uključe na tržište rada, da koriste dostupne resurse kako bi podigli kapacitete i unapredili kompetencije i time stvorili nove mogućnosti. Kroz podizanje svesti o značaju obuka, prekvalifikacija i dokvalifikacija, naročito je istaknuta važnost izlaska iz dugoročne radne neaktivnosti, odnosno angažovanosti u sivoj zoni, kroz neformalne oblike zaposlenja.

Tokom prvog kruga radionica, učesnicima i učesnicama su dodatno pojašnjeni mehanizmi za zaštitu prava na rad, koje im je garantovano pod jednakim uslovima i bez diskriminacije, kao i kojim organizacijama odnosno institucijama se mogu obratiti ukoliko im je povređeno pravo iz oblasti prava na rad, odnosno ukoliko su diskriminisani u postupku zapošljavanja ili na samom radnom mestu.

Radionice u Leskovcu, Smederevu, Novom Sadu, Bačkoj Palanci, Subotici, Vranju, Kruševcu i Kragujevcu realizovane su u okviru projekta „Prevencija i eliminacija dečjih brakova u Srbiji“ koji finansiraju Ambasada Kraljevine Holandije u Srbiji i Ministarstvo za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj Savezne Republike Nemačke (BMZ) u okviru programa Nemačke razvojne saradnje „Inkluzija Roma i drugih marginalizovanih grupa u Srbiji“.

Nacionalna koalicija za okončanje dečijih brakova pripremila je prvi Newsletter koji ima za cilj da ukaže na važnost prevencije i reakcije na dečje brakove. Newsletter, između ostalog, prenosi ključne nalaze godišnjeg izveštaja Praxisa o dečjim brakovima za 2020. godinu koji sadrži poseban osvrt na postupanja centara za socijalni rad u slučajevima dečjih brakova.

Newsletter sadrži i najavu projekta „Prevencija i eliminacija dečjih brakova u Srbiji“ koji je u toku i koji Praxis u saradnji sa partnerima na lokalnom nivou realizuje u 8 opština u Srbiji.

Prvi Newsletter Nacionalne koalicije za okončanje dečijih brakova možete pogledati OVDE.

Nevladina organizacija Praxis organizovala je okrugli sto na kome su sagledani preostali problemi sa kojima se lica u riziku od apatridije u Srbiji još uvek suočavaju. Okrugli sto „Preostali problemi u vezi sa upisom u matične knjige, sticanjem državljanstva i pribavljanjem ličnih dokumenata“ organizovan je u okviru projekta „Suzbijanje apatridije među Romima na Zapadnom Balkanu” koji finansira Fondacija za otvoreno društvo kroz Evropsku mrežu za pitanja apatridije.

U poslednjih više od 10 godina, u Srbiji se desio značajan napredak u oblasti smanjenja apatridije. Uprkos nesumnjivom napretku, i dalje se javljaju određeni problemi koji otežavaju pristup pravima licima u riziku od apatridije. Deca čiji roditelji ne poseduju lične dokumente i dalje ne mogu da se upišu u matične knjige odmah nakon rođenja, postupci za naknadni upis u matične knjige opterećeni su brojnim problemima, sticanje državljanstva po osnovu rođenja u Srbiji ne odvija se na propisan način, a prijava prebivališta često predstavlja nepremostiv problem. Neretko, lica u riziku od apatridije se suočavaju i sa dirskriminacijom u pokušaju da ostvare svoja prava.

„Iako je broj lica u riziku od apatridije značajno manji, ukoliko se problem ne reši u potpunosti, preneće se na nove genaracije i broj lica u riziku od apatridije će rasti. Dok interesovanje za ovu temu bledi, još uvek postoje ljudi čiji problemi nisu obuhvaćeni sistemskim rešenjima.“ – istakla je Jelena Milonjić, predstavnica UNHCR-a. „Intezivno sa državnim organima, u okviru realizacije Sporazuma o razumevanju sa Ministarstvom državne uprave i lokalne samouprave Republike Srbije i Zaštitnikom građana, zajedno sa romskom zajednicom i civilnim sektorom, radimo na rešavanju preostalih problema kako bismo ostvarili zacrtan plan kampanje Ja pripadam čiji je cilj iskorenjivanje apatridije u Srbiji do 2024. godine.“

Milan Radojev, pravni koordinator Praxisa, naglasio je da smo ponosni na sve šta je do sada urađeno, jer je hiljade ljudi upisano u matične knjige i dobilo dokumente te sada mogu da ostvaruju prava. „Međutim, i pored ogromnog napretka, važno je ukazivati na stare ali i na neke nove probleme koji se javljaju, posebno imajući u vidu da i dalje svako dete ne može da se upiše u MKR odmah nakon rođenja, a da se ignorišu preporuke međunarodnih tela koja na ovaj problem ukazuju.“

Osman Balić iz YUROM Centra naveo je da je možda i najblistavija stvar u inkluziji Roma upravo uspešno rešavanje problema sa posedovanjem dokumenata. „Uz pomoć UNHCR-a, Ministarstava, Praxisa, ovaj problem je sveden na najmanju meru. Postoje i dalje svakodnevni problemi, ali ovo je primer modela izvrsnosti, gde je uspešno završeno 90% posla“. 

Učesnici okruglog stola, predstavnici relevantnih institucija i organizacija koje zajedničkim naporima rade na iskorenjivanju apatridije u Srbiji, saglasni su da, i pored nesumnjivog napretka, potrebno je rešiti i preostale probleme kako se ne bi došlo u situaciju da ponovo imamo veliki broj lica u riziku od apatridije, i na to i dalje ukazivati i državnim organima ali i međunarodnim institucijama. 

Praxis lodged an application with the European Court of Human Rights in the case of a child who could not be registered in birth registry books immediately after birth.

In the application, Praxis pointed out that due to the failure to facilitate timely registration in birth registry books, the state denied the child the opportunity to confirm her identity and personal status, to establish a legal relationship with her family and other persons, and stressed that the child was deprived of the opportunity to acquire citizenship and to access a large number of rights, which required registration in birth registry books, such as the right to health care, the right to social protection, the right to freedom of movement or the right to property. Thus, the right to respect for private and family life, guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, was violated. Given that the problem of timely registration in Serbia affects almost exclusively the Roma population, the application stressed that the principle of non-discrimination had also been violated.

Although the Constitution, the Law on Family and ratified international conventions guarantee every child the right to be registered immediately after birth, in cases where mothers do not have personal documents, children cannot be registered immediately after birth, but the procedures that last from several months to several years must be conducted. Since a significant number of Roma women have still not managed to obtain personal documents, there are new cases of children who in the first months or years of their lives are left without registration in birth registry books, and consequently without many other rights. 

The competent institutions have been neglecting this problem for years and ignoring the recommendations of numerous international bodies that point out that this situation is unacceptable, that every child, regardless of whether the parents have documents, must be registered immediately after birth and that it is necessary to change the by-laws that prevent timely registration. 

In the application, Praxis also pointed out that there was no effective legal remedy in Serbia that could eliminate the violation of this right, since the Constitutional Court had repeatedly refused to establish that the impossibility of immediate birth registration constituted a violation of children’s rights. 

In the event that the European Court of Human Rights determines that there has been a violation of rights in this case, it could be a turning point that would finally end the continuous violations of the child's right to timely birth registration and enable every child to have access to all rights and to enjoy the protection provided by registration in registry books.

“Why did you procreate, why didn't you obtain documents first? We can't do anything until the mother obtains an identity card”, Besim ^[1] was told when he inquired in the social welfare centre about how to register his newborn son Senad in birth registry books.

Before that, he addressed the registrar's office where they also told him that the child could not be registered, because the mother did not have documents. With the help of Praxis, the parents then submitted a written request to the registry office explaining that it was uncertain when the mother would be able to obtain an identity card, as she was unable to register her permanent residence, but that the regulations guaranteed immediate birth registration to every child, regardless of whether the parents had documents or not. It was requested to allow the parents to determine the child’s personal name.

However, the registry office not only did not do what it was obliged to do, but did not respond to the request at all. More than four months have passed since Senad was born, but he is still not registered in birth registry books. He does not even have a health card, so his parents, the poverty-stricken residents of a Roma settlement in Belgrade, have to pay for medical examinations from the modest income that his father manages to earn with great difficulty.

Senad's mother Suzana has never had an identity card. She was born in Đakovica, but the registry books in which she was registered remained inaccessible to the Serbian authorities after the 1999 war in Kosovo. Suzana was re-registered in registry books as late as in early 2021 when she was again able to obtain a birth certificate and a citizenship certificate. Since then, she has been unsuccessfully trying to register her permanent residence and obtain an identity card.

In 2020, Suzana began to live in cohabitation with Besim and moved into a house owned by Besim's father. There, Suzana and Besim created a joint family household and later had a child. For more than two years, this address has been for Susana what the law defines as a place of permanent residence: a place where someone has settled with the intention of living there permanently and where the centre of his or her life activities is located.

However, when she tried to register her permanent residence at that address in the police station, she was told that she must register her permanent residence in the Police Administration for Đakovica, according to her place of birth, and that only after obtaining her identity card there could she come again and apply for registration in the place where she actually lived. Not knowing that this conduct of police officers was not only unjustified, but also against the law - because no one should register their permanent residence in a place where they do not live - Suzana and Besim travelled to Jagodina, where the Police Administration for Đakovica was located, and tried to register Suzana's permanent residence. But they did not succeed to register there either, because Suzana was asked to provide the property ownership certificate or other document for the house in Đakovica where she would register her permanent residence. Suzana neither had nor could obtain such documents, so she returned to Belgrade without registering permanent residence. 

Then she tried again to register her place of permanent residence in the police station in the municipality where she lived, but she was again told that she must first obtain an ID card in Jagodina.

In March of this year, Praxis drafted a written request for permanent residence registration and instructed Besim and Suzana to go to the police again and submit it. However, they did not succeed again. Although the officers were obliged to receive the request, they refused to do so, telling Besim that he was “coming for nothing” and that “there is nothing they can do”. Addressing the supervisor did not help either.

However, Besim did not give up. As he says, he slightly modified and adapted the request for permanent residence registration, took it to the office of the President of the Republic and submitted it there as a complaint against the work of the police.

About a month later, Besim and Suzana were called from the police station. Suddenly, the officers no longer treated them with the attitude of rejection and started to do without any problems what they had previously claimed to be impossible: they took statements from Suzana, Besim and his father, obtained a new citizenship certificate and the police patrol conducted a site visit. It turned out that Suzana’s personal identification number (JMBG) was wrongly entered, but the correction procedure was initiated ex officio and will probably be completed soon.

In a nutshell, the police began to act as they were supposed to from the beginning and as prescribed. However, the question arises as to why it was not done immediately, but instead, Suzana lost a year and a half in futile attempts to register her permanent residence.

Every citizen has the right and duty to register their place of permanent residence and obtain an identity card. Every child must be registered in birth registry books immediately after birth. It is prescribed by laws, but it proved to be insignificant in the case of Senad and Susana. Senad should have been registered a long time ago, and Susana did not achieve anything by invoking the laws until she addressed the office of the President. It seems that Suzana is now close to a solution to her problem, but the question is what will happen tomorrow when someone else in Suzana's situation comes to the police station. And they will certainly come, because a large number of Roma in Serbia still live without personal documents and without registered permanent residence. Will they also have to wander from one counter to another and address the authorities that are not responsible for solving this kind of issues, or will the competent authorities simply do what they are obliged to do? We will let you know.

 [1] The names have been changed to protect privacy.

Mirita ^[1] is just one of many children who could not be registered in birth registry books immediately after birth because their mothers did not have personal documents.

Mirita is neither the only child whose parents have to pay for every medical examination, because neither she nor her mother have a health card. 

The case of Mirita is neither unique in the fact that the maternity hospital charged the parents for the costs of childbirth, despite the law stating that in cases where the mothers do not have health insurance, the costs of childbirth are covered by the state.

Like other families whose members do not have identity documents, Mirita and her parents cannot receive either child or parental allowance or social assistance, regardless of the fact that her family is among the poorest.

These are situations that keep repeating in Serbia, and they are the result of violating one of the most important rights of the child: to be registered immediately after birth. 

Although only one of many similar ones, the case of Mirita may still be remembered, because it could end this negative practice that leaves hundreds of children without the possibility to exercise their basic rights in the most vulnerable period of their lives. 

In fact, Praxis lodged an application with the European Court of Human Rights pointing out that the state had violated Mirita's right to immediate birth registration, thus depriving her of the opportunity to exercise a number of other rights.   

Although international conventions, the Constitution and the Law on Family guarantee immediate birth registration to every child, the undocumented mothers cannot register their newborn children in birth registry books. In order to register these children, it is necessary to conduct special procedures, due to which the registration is delayed for at least a few months, often longer than a year, and sometimes even for years. 

Shortly after her birth, Mirita's parents went to the competent registry office and tried to determine the child’s personal name, but they did not succeed because the mother did not have personal documents. Then they submitted a written request, in which they referred to the regulations guaranteeing every child the right to immediate birth registration and to a personal name immediately after birth, but it was also in vain - the registry office informed them that the police should first establish the mother's identity, then the procedure for registering the mother in birth registry books should be conducted, and after that she should obtain an identity card and only then could she give a statement about the child's personal name.

However, the question is whether Mirita's mother will ever manage to be registered in birth registry books and obtain an identity card. Her request for registration was first rejected by the registry office, and then the court refused to determine the date and place of her birth. Mirita's mother lodged a constitutional complaint, but procedures before the Constitutional Court may last for years. Praxis has already written about the case of Mirita's mother and about her unsuccessful attempts to be registered in registry books. Meanwhile, four months have already passed since Mirita's birth and she is still unregistered.

For years, Praxis has been drawing attention of the competent authorities to the systematic violation of the rights of children in Serbia by depriving them of the right to timely birth registration, and has been stressing the need to remove the obstacles that prevent such registration, but until now there has been no will to solve this problem. However, if the European Court of Human Rights determines that there has been a violation of rights, Mirita's case could be a turning point that would finally end this unacceptable situation.

 [1] Her real name has been changed to protect her privacy.