On this day, sixty-three years ago, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted and proclaimed that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights".  In Serbia, on the International Human Rights Day, this fundamental value of human civilization is still unattainable or almost unattainable for some members of our society.

The Roma community in Serbia is one of the most vulnerable groups that on a daily basis encounter obstacles in accessing the rights that other citizens of Serbia enjoy automatically - they do not have the same opportunities in exercising the rights to citizenship and personal documents, health care and social protection, adequate housing, education or employment.  In addition, the Roma are almost daily exposed to various forms of discrimination, stereotypes and prejudices. There has been a certain progress in terms of overcoming certain obstacles, but the state should fulfil its obligations more decisively and more willingly, and immediately take necessary steps in order to achieve full equality of Roma with other citizens of Serbia.

On this day, in addition to stressing the problem related to the implementation of regulations and urging the state authorities to invest more efforts into improving the situation of the human rights of Roma, we would particularly like to point to the still unresolved problem of "legally invisible" persons - those who are not registered into birth registry books.

Since the right to be recognised as a person before the law is the basic human right that conditions the exercise of all other rights, we would like, on this day, to urge once again the competent state authorities to promptly adopt the regulations that will allow "legally invisible" persons to be registered into birth registry books and enable them to achieve other guaranteed rights, thus giving them the opportunity to live dignified lives.

The human rights organisations, which have today prevented the execution of the decision on forced eviction of five Roma families from Skadarska Street No. 55, condemn the city authorities’ failure to respond to an appeal for finding adequate alternative accommodation for these families.

We emphasise that immediately after learning that the decision on eviction would be forcibly executed, on 20 July 2011, the residents of Skadarska Street submitted to the City Secretariat for Social Welfare a request for urgent provision of adequate accommodation. To date there has been no response from the City Secretariat for Social Welfare, despite the fact that twenty persons live at the aforementioned location, ten of whom are children.

Since the city authorities have failed to act despite of being informed that the forced eviction is scheduled for today, the only solution for the residents of Skadarska Street No. 55 was to try to physically prevent the eviction with the support of human rights organisations.

With the help of the police officers from the Police Station Stari Grad, an agreement was reached with the proxy of the abandoned building owner to postpone the execution of eviction for 15 days, so that in the meantime, the accommodation could be found for these families.

The international human rights instruments, primarily the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is binding on the Republic of Serbia, guarantee the right to housing and the provision of alternative accommodation in cases of eviction. The result of evictions should not be homeless people who are subjected to further violations of other human rights. The state authorities must take all appropriate measures to ensure the availability of adequate alternative accommodation for the victims of forced evictions.

We demand that the City of Belgrade and the competent state authorities urgently provide adequate alternative accommodation for the families residing in Skadarska Street No. 55, fully in line with the international standards related to the right to housing.

The signing organisations:

1.    Praxis
2.    Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights – YUCOM
3.    Regional Centre for Minorities
4.    Women in Black
5.    Centre for Advanced Legal Studies
6.    Youth Initiative for Human Rights
7.    Humanitarian Law Centre

Non-governmental organization Praxis believes that today’s forced eviction of 23 Roma families from the abandoned Factory Borac in Novi Beograd, conducted without providing the alternative accommodation, without the prior notice on the date of eviction and with no adequate support of social services, is yet another in the series of the most severe violations of human rights, which occur during the forced evictions of informal Roma settlements. The families evicted today are left in the street, while the evictions itself was conducted despite extremely bad weather conditions.

To remind, many of 23 families evicted today had been previously evicted from the informal settlement Belvil, when they had been provided with a one-way ticket to the place in Serbia where they had their permanent residence registered, and immediate cash assistance in the amount of a few dozens of thousands of dinars. Most of remaining families had been previously evicted from the informal Roma settlement in Block 72 and other locations. The eviction initially scheduled for Monday, 17 September 2012, was postponed until early this morning when the court bailiffs, accompanied by social workers and about thirty members of the Ministry of Interior in anti-riot equipment, stormed in the abandoned factory without a prior notice and began the eviction. The members of the Ministry of Interior did not allow the representatives of non-governmental organizations and United Nations to approach the place of eviction, despite the fact that according to the international human rights standards, the state is obliged to allow the monitoring of the eviction process. In addition, the access was also forbidden to journalists who were forced to interview the residents over the fence of the Factory.

Despite the fact that the eviction of illegal occupants of the private company’s premises is justified, it is still worrying that competent state bodies do not consider the fact that conducting forced evictions of informal Roma settlements and work on integration of the residents of respective settlements are much more complex than pure immediate cash assistance provided to persons evicted from Belvil to cities and municipalities in the south of Serbia. In addition, those who were not provided with the alternative accommodation will be again relocated to other informal settlements where they will face yet another forced eviction.

The question is us how many more forced evictions and violations of human rights of the Roma are needed to occur for the Republic of Serbia and the City of Belgrade to finally realize that the solution of the Roma housing problem cannot be found in forced evictions, which have been conducted contrary to human rights standards.

Non-governmental organization Praxis calls on the competent authorities to urgently suspend all forced evictions, to review the existing illegal and unsustainable eviction model, and to start elaborating the legal framework which would regulate the acting of the administration body in cases of forced evictions, with full respect of human rights.

Download (Serbian only):Statement of the Ombudsperson on the Eviction of Roma

The eighth of April, the International Roma Day, is an opportunity to reiterate our concern about the extremely difficult situation in which the Roma find themselves in Serbia today. We would like to mark this date by reminding of the fact that the Roma men and women are often exposed to discrimination, human rights violations and ethnically motivated crimes because of their ethnicity. The state’s declarative commitment is not accompanied by a genuine political will and tangible measures that are necessary for changing this disconcerting situation.

Although they encounter unequal treatment, violence and exclusion in almost all areas of life, on this occasion we would particularly like to draw attention to three problems that threaten their lives, violate their dignity and prevent the integration of the entire Roma community.

Violence against Roma men and women
The widespread anti-Roma mood increasingly more often culminates in violence against Roma, while the practice of impunity encourages the perpetrators to commit the most serious crimes. It is particularly worrying that the perpetrator’s motive, which is hatred and intolerance against Roma, is rarely taken into account in qualifying these acts.

Roma men and women rarely choose to report these crimes due to discriminatory treatment and secondary victimisation encountered in institutions. The crimes include physical attacks on them and their homes, destruction of their property, writing of racist graffiti and messages, persecution and threats. We express particular concern with regard to the recent racist incidents and crimes against Roma men and women in Banatsko Karadjordjevo, Zrenjanin, Pozega, Cacak, Jabuka and Belgrade, and all other cases that have not been the subject of media attention. In order to stop violence, it is essential to punish the perpetrators of all crimes.

It is necessary to strictly punish hate speech against Roma in the media, which significantly contributes to the escalation of violence by generating and reinforcing negative prejudices. The eradication of stereotypes about Roma must be an expression of unambiguous determination of the entire society not to tolerate any manifestation of racism.
     
Housing and forced evictions
Extremely adverse living conditions in informal Roma settlements, forced evictions and segregation of settlements is the reality for Roma men and women who live in nearly 600 informal settlements in Serbia. Without the opportunity to exercise one of fundamental rights - the right to housing, which inter alia includes the legally guaranteed security of tenure, houses built of solid materials and supporting infrastructure, these people are deprived of their right to live with dignity and enjoy all other rights.

According to the conclusions of the Amnesty International report, the state permanently violates the right to housing of the Roma living in informal settlements, although the undertaken obligations under ratified international instruments are binding. The residents of the settlements threatened by forced evictions, especially in Belgrade, are in a particularly difficult position. These evictions are taking place against the will and without consultation with the settlement residents and they are accompanied with the destruction of their property, homelessness and placement of evicted people in inadequate housing facilities that are often geographically segregated.

We demand from the government to immediately stop forced evictions, guarantee the security of tenure, regulate evictions by law in order to achieve full compliance with international standards, and to show a serious intent to improve living conditions in informal Roma settlements.
   
Legally invisible persons
A large number of Roma in Serbia have not been registered into birth registry books, which makes them legally invisible. Due to the state’s refusal to recognise the seriousness of the problem and the absence of adequate legal framework, this number has been steadily increasing. The right to be recognised as a person before the law is one of the basic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution and numerous international instruments ratified by Serbia. It is a condition for the exercise of all other rights, such as the right to health care and social protection, employment, education, etc. In this way, legally invisible persons are deprived of the opportunity to be equal members of society and to enjoy their rights equally.

We demand from the government to urgently adopt the legislative provisions that will provide for a simple and efficient procedure that would finally allow legally invisible persons to be recognised as persons before the law.

The Coalition against Discrimination and its partner organisations fully support the conclusions and recommendations of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the  Human Rights Committee of the United Nations and the European Commission concerning the status and rights of Roma and call upon the government to act upon them without delay.

The Coalition against Discrimination includes: Center for Advanced Legal Studies, Civil Rights Defenders, Labris - Lesbian Human Rights Organisation, Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia (CHRIS Network), Association of Students with Disabilities, Gayten LGBT, Praxis and Regional Center for Minorities.

The statement is supported by:
Women in Black
Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights
Youth Initiative for Human Rights
Humanitarian Law Centre

The residents of the informal Roma settlement in Dr Ivana Ribara Street in Novi Beograd, where most of internally displaced persons from Kosovo live, received yesterday, on the International Day for Tolerance, the decision from Department for Inspection Affairs of the Administration of City of Novi Beograd ordering them to pull down the facilities they had been living in for years within a day. Despite the assurances received from the competent authorities that the whole eviction process would be conducted in compliance with international documents binding on the Republic of Serbia, the yesterday’s delivery of the decision shows the absolute inobservance of the international standards related to the right on housing and represents yet another pressure on the residents of this settlement.

Thirty-three families are living in the settlement in Dr Ivana Ribara Street and the access to fundamental human rights is not achievable for them. The Ombudsperson joined the resolution of the problems, which occurred on the occasion of the construction of business and residential facility built by the Building Directorate of Serbia, and initiated a meeting held on Thursday at which it was agreed to form a working group which would work on finding the solution for the residents of this informal settlement. According to the agreement, the first meeting of the working group, which will include the representatives of the informal settlement and representatives of Praxis, should be held on Friday, 18 November 2011.

The achieved agreement, which envisaged complete observance of international standards on the housing right, primarily the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and guidelines of the United Nations on development-based evictions, was questioned yesterday as well as the determination of the Republic of Serbia for the full respect of human rights for all citizens. Accepted international standards in the area of human rights clearly forbid forced evictions in bad weather, as well as those, which will result in homelessness of the residents.

We draw attention to the fact that most of the residents of this informal settlement are facing multiple discrimination in society related to employment, education, health care, access to documents and other rights. Accordingly, acting of state bodies must be complied with measures of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution and other regulations. Non-governmental organizations are calling on competent state bodies to return to dialogue in order to find an adequate alternative accommodation and observance of the residents’ dignity.

The Coalition against Discrimination welcomes the judgment of the Municipal Court in Rijeka by which the Pastor Franjo Jurcevic was sentenced to a three-month suspended prison sentence for incitement to discrimination during the 2010 Pride Parade in Belgrade. This sentence unequivocally confirms that incitement to discrimination and violence against any social group must not be tolerated, and that any hate speech will be penalised.

The procedure against the pastor from Kastav near Rijeka was instigated after he had published an article on his blog in which he supported violence in Belgrade during the Pride Parade, opposed to the Parade participants’ right of assembly and called them derogatory names. The pastor said in the text that holding the Pride Parade in Belgrade was the "proof that moral freaks and psychopaths have been increasingly dominating the media, streets, institutions, cities..." and that "the Belgrade citizens have shown what they think of these psychopaths", and that he was sorry for the injured policemen, but they should have pulled back to allow "the normal people to discuss for a while with these diseased individuals."

The Coalition against Discrimination believes that this judgment coming from Croatia on the second anniversary of the adoption of the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination by the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, is a serious reminder for the national courts and other independent bodies that they have a positive obligation to protect the rights of LGBT community without exception, especially in the context of the recent, publicly announced, withdrawal of the lawsuit against the Metropolitan Amfilohije Radovic.

We recall that on the basis of a complaint received from Labris and 25 citizens of Serbia, the Commissioner for Protection of Equality established in early March that the Metropolitan Radovic had used hate speech against the LGBT community during the 2010 Pride Parade, but only a few days after publishing her decision, she publicly renounced the right to file a lawsuit against him.

The Coalition against Discrimination points out that pursuant to Article 13 of the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination, the Metropolitan Radovic’s hate speech may qualify, on several grounds, as a severe form of discrimination, because it was presented through public media (Article 13, paragraph 3), repeated several times over a longer period (Article 13, paragraph 6), incited hatred and intolerance (Article 13, paragraph 1), and significantly contributed to the development of severe consequences for discriminated persons, other persons and property (Article 13, paragraph 7), and therefore we believe that a civil lawsuit can be filed in this case, which is almost identical to the case of Pastor Jurcevic.

The following organisations, members of the Coalition against Discrimination, are signing this statement: Center for Advanced Legal Studies, Civil Rights Defenders, Praxis, Anti-Trafficking Centre, Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia (CHRIS Network), Association of Students with Disabilities, Gayten LGBT and Regional Center for Minorities.

Download: Bill of Indictment of the Municipal Court of Rijeka

Download: Judgement of the Municipal Court of Rijeka

The Coalition against Discrimination strongly condemns the latest statement of Metropolitan Amfilohije Radovic, which is the worst form of hate speech directed against the members of LGBT population, and at the same time, the justification of violence and open support to hooligans and thugs.

Addressing the gathered people in the village Klinci near Lustica, the Metropolitan Radovic on 11 October 2010, called LGBT people, among other things, the "stench of Sodom" and described them as "ungodly and perverse" and stated that LGBT people were "plague and pestilence of Sodom."

In addition to using the most terrible words of hatred towards a minority group, which used its rights guaranteed by the Constitution to gather peacefully in the centre of Belgrade, the Metropolitan Radovic very openly tried to justify violence committed by the members of right-wing, quasi football supporters and clerofascist associations on the day of the Parade, but he also indirectly supported and announced the similar actions of violence in the future. He says: "Be assured that this is the pre-apparition of the fall of Christian nations. God will know when to strike with His whip and warning, but it has already been slowly prepared. People, nations, cultures and states cannot be built on filth, impurity, stench and godlessness."

Instead of calling for peace and love as a representative of the Church and religious leader, the Metropolitan Radovic, not for the first time, openly advocates and supports a policy of violence and hatred, and directly calls for aggression and discrimination.

Because of these statements, a member of the Coalition against Discrimination, Labris – Organisation for Lesbian Human Rights, yesterday filed a complaint with the Commissioner for Protection of Equality in accordance with the Law against Discrimination, and invited the Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church to publicly distance itself from the statements of its member Metropolitan Radovic.

We emphasise that just before the Pride the Serbian Orthodox Church explicitly called people to refrain from any violence, and therefore we believe that the statement of the Metropolitan Radovic expresses his personal view of hatred and intolerance against the LGBT population. Bearing this in mind, we believe that the only logical and responsible response of the Serbian Orthodox Church is to distance itself from all the aforementioned statements of one of the members of the Holy Synod, the Metropolitan Radovic.

We recall that several dozens of policemen and one participant of the Pride Parade were injured in violent actions and riots on Sunday, and also that numerous institutions and locations were attacked, while the centre of Belgrade was destroyed.

The Coalition against Discrimination also demands the detention of those arrested for violence that happened on 10 October, quick apprehension and arrest of those perpetrators who are still at large and most severe punishment for all those who took part in destructive actions and violence against the police officers and the participants of the Pride Parade.

The members of the Coalition against Discrimination are: Center for Advanced Legal Studies, Civil Rights Defenders, Labris - Lesbian Human Rights Organisation, Anti-Trafficking Centre, Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia (CHRIS Network), Association of Students with Disabilities, Gayten LGBT, Praxis and Regional Center for Minorities.

The Coalition against Discrimination strongly condemns the opposition of the Democratic Party of Serbia and certain representatives of the Serbian Orthodox Church to the application of the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination in the case in which the Commissioner for Protection of Equality established that the Metropolitan Amfilohije Radovic used the prohibited hate speech in talking about the members of LGBT community. Instead of welcoming the Commissioner’s decision and thus contributing to building a society of tolerance and non-violence, the purpose of such petty-political efforts is to further deepen the gap among the citizens of Serbia, which only contributes to the emergence of new forms of discriminatory practices against the members of LGBT population.

The Coalition against Discrimination stresses that the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination should be applied equally to all those in the Republic of Serbia who commit discrimination, including those individuals who publicly spread the ideas of hatred and violence against the individuals and groups who share certain personal characteristics, regardless of whether the offenders are nationals or foreigners.

The Coalition against Discrimination points out that those who use hate speech cannot hide behind the freedom of expressing their political or religious beliefs, because their own freedom should not be an excuse for violating the rights and freedoms of others. No one is free to promote hatred, violence and discrimination against the individuals and groups that share certain personal characteristics, regardless of whether they are church or party officials.

The Coalition against Discrimination calls upon the highest state representatives to politically condemn, without delay, those who believe that the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination should not be applied in this flagrant case of hate speech and thus send a clear message to all those who do not take seriously the rights and freedoms of individuals and groups in the territory of the Republic of Serbia.

The members of the Coalition against Discrimination are: Center for Advanced Legal Studies, Civil Rights Defenders, Labris - Lesbian Human Rights Organisation, Praxis, Anti-Trafficking Centre, Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia (CHRIS Network), Association of Students with Disabilities, Gayten LGBT, Praxis and Regional Center for Minorities.
 

Download: Recommendation of the Commissioner for Protection of Equality on the occasion of hate speech by Metropolitan Amfilohije Radovic

The Coalition against Discrimination condemns the statement of Nevena Petrusic, Commissioner for Protection of Equality, who promised in the daily Danas of 7 March that she would not file a lawsuit against the Metropolitan Amfilohije Radovic, even if he failed to act on her earlier recommendation. This Commissioner’s attitude is an encouragement to all those who on a daily basis use hate speech and justify violence against the members of various minority groups in Serbia. At the same time, such statements stultify the Commissioner’s main available tool - filing a lawsuit for violation of the prohibition of discrimination in cases where other protection mechanisms have failed.

The Commissioner for Protection of Equality was addressed by Labris, a member of the Coalition against Discrimination, and 25 citizens of Serbia, and as late as nearly 5 months after filing of their complaint, she made a decision establishing that the Metropolitan Amfilohije had used hate speech when he called the Pride participants "the stench of Sodom that poisoned and polluted Belgrade" and justified violence in the streets by saying that "violence of those ungodly and perverse people has caused more violence." The Coalition against Discrimination believes that the Commissioner properly qualified these statements as hate speech and welcomes the parts of her recommendations by which she required the Metropolitan Amfilohije to apologise to the LGBT community and to refrain from similar statements in the future.

However, the Coalition considers it completely unacceptable that in the case of hate speech to which the general public reacted and which gives an explicit justification of violence against the members of the LGBT community, the Commissioner responds with the request that the victims of this severe form of discrimination should meet with someone who obviously has no serious intention to change his position, which was confirmed a day after the Commissioner’s decision when the Metropolitan Amfilohije and Velibor Dzomic, Coordinator of the Metropolitan Legal Council, said that the Commissioner’s recommendation would not be implemented. In his statement given to Blic daily, the Metropolitan Amfilohije reiterated that we should "love the sinner" but "hate the sin and evil", again alluding to homosexuality, which he said was "a way that leads to destruction," "perversion" and "error".

Instead of reacting sharply and unambiguously to the repeated hate speech of Metropolitan Amfilohije, pointing out that his words were unacceptable and undermined the authority of her decision, the Commissioner gave a statement to Danas daily by which she actually promised to the Metropolitan that he would not be prosecuted, thus giving him a sort of "blessing" to continue with the same rhetoric of hate. At the same time, by stating that the Metropolitan Amfilohije would be just warned if he did not act upon her recommendation, but that there would be no lawsuit because she lacked the capacity for that, the Commissioner only encouraged others to commit discrimination and violate the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination.

The Coalition finds it particularly troubling that the Commissioner Nevena Petrusic said in her statement that "in the case of Metropolitan Amfilohije there is no reason for a lawsuit." According to Article 13 of the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination, which defines severe forms of discrimination, the Metropolitan Radovic’s hate speech may qualify, on several grounds, as a severe form of discrimination. His hate speech was presented through public media (Article 13, paragraph 3), repeated several times over a longer period (Article 13, paragraph 6), incited hatred and intolerance (Article 13, paragraph 1) and significantly contributed to the development of severe consequences for discriminated persons, other persons and property (Article 13, paragraph 7). Therefore, we believe that in this case there are certainly reasons for filing a lawsuit.

The Coalition against Discrimination urges the Commissioner for Protection of Equality to consistently apply the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination and to immediately start pointing to particularly severe forms of discrimination, which is her legal obligation. We demand that the Commissioner uses all the mechanisms envisaged by the law, especially to file lawsuits in particularly serious cases of discrimination, because technical issues and capacities cannot be an excuse for failing to implement the law. The Coalition against Discrimination expects from the Commissioner not to insist on a meeting between the victims of discrimination or representatives of the organisations that provide support to minority groups and the persons who justify violence and hate speech, especially when it is obvious that on that occasion they would use such speech. Instead, by her clear and unambiguous public statements, the Commissioner should provide support to all victims of discrimination in Serbia and encourage them to file complaints.

The members of the Coalition against Discrimination are: Center for Advanced Legal Studies, Civil Rights Defenders, Labris - Lesbian Human Rights Organisation, Anti-Trafficking Centre, Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia (CHRIS Network), Association of Students with Disabilities, Gayten LGBT, Praxis and Regional Center for Minorities.

Although the beneficiaries of financial social assistance already encounter numerous problems, the new Law on Social Protection (hereinafter referred to as the Law) imposes another requirement for obtaining this kind of assistance, thus posing an insurmountable obstacle to the exercise of the rights of many beneficiaries.

Article 84 of the new Law provides that an individual, a family member who is unable to work, must accompany a request for determining eligibility to receive financial social assistance with a final court decision, court settlement or proof on having initiated a procedure before the competent court for determining the obligation of a relative who does not live in the same household but who is obliged and able to participate in his/her support in accordance with the law governing family relations.

This provision further complicates the exercise of the right to social protection, since the legislator has decided to additionally burden the already complicated administrative procedure by filing a lawsuit. However, the filing of lawsuit requires the payment of prescribed fees. Hence, if we take into consideration that in mid-2011, the number of the beneficiaries of financial social assistance grew to 190,000, and that, according to the latest estimates of the Statistical Office, about 700,000 people in Serbia live below the poverty line, it is clear to which extent the support lawsuits will overload the already overburdened courts.

We should also bear in mind that the beneficiaries of financial social assistance are poor, and in most cases, insufficiently educated and informed, often illiterate, and the social welfare centres often do not provide them with clear and complete information about the real meaning and possible effects of a lawsuit. Being a lay party, the beneficiary of financial social assistance is not able to draft documents and file a lawsuit to the court independently and without expert legal assistance. Although some municipal administrations provide free legal aid services, it is still not enough to help all those in need of free legal assistance in order to submit a request for financial social assistance and fulfil the requirements for filing a lawsuit for support.

The Law stipulates that it is sufficient to submit evidence that the procedure has been initiated before the competent court along with a request for financial social assistance. However, it remains unclear whether a final court decision must be presented for the extension of assistance, or whether it is necessary that the court case be completed by the deadline for submitting a request for the extension of financial social assistance. Moreover, it seems unjustified that a lawsuit is filed against those relatives who are themselves the beneficiaries of some form of social assistance or unemployed and unable to support themselves and their family.

The following example shows how the application of this Article of the Law looks like in practice:

Drita lives with her common-law husband Avdul in an informal Roma settlement in Cukaricka suma. They have three minor children and both of them are unemployed. The situation is further complicated by the fact that Drita’s husband is a "legally invisible" person and does not possess any identification documents. Therefore, he was not able to recognise his paternity and without the registered data about the father, he is not legally obliged to support his children since his identity cannot be determined before the court, which formally makes Drita a single mother. On the other hand, Drita’s father is permanently employed in JAT as a manual worker and supports himself and three other people – his unemployed wife, an unemployed son and a minor daughter. In order to qualify for financial social assistance, under the new Law, Drita as a legal representative of her three minor children who have been taken away from her and are currently in the reception centre, must file a lawsuit against her father on behalf of her children because under the Family Law he has an obligation to support his grandchildren since they are unable to work and their parents do not receive any income. Drita is not on good terms with her father because he does not approve of her relationship with Avdul, and filing a lawsuit for support would only worsen their bad family relationships. On the other hand, if Drita does not file a lawsuit, she will lose income and the children will not be returned to her since she will not be able to ensure financial security. The procedure for returning the children to the family is ongoing.

Another problem, faced mainly by Roma people/residents of informal settlements, is that very often they do not have registered permanent residence, and many of them even temporary residence. The situation is especially difficult for "legally invisible" persons who do not have personal documents and for whom it was difficult or impossible to exercise the right to social protection even before this newly imposed requirement. On the other hand, if people without registered permanent or temporary residence have a legal obligation to support the family members who are unable to work, it will be a problem to establish the territorial jurisdiction of the courts before which a lawsuit against these individuals should be filed.

The new legal provisions seemingly allow the increased number of beneficiaries, greater coverage of the poor, as well as higher cash benefits for the existing beneficiaries. Nevertheless, by prescribing such provisions, the legislator undoubtedly intended to reduce the number of beneficiaries of financial social assistance bearing in mind that many people would rather give up requesting assistance than file a lawsuit against their family members. Some of them will give up for the fear of disturbing family relationships or additionally worsening their relatives’ often adverse financial situation, while others will give up because they are not able to initiate a court procedure without legal assistance, and thus meet the requirement for the submission of a request for financial social assistance.

The introduction of mandatory lawsuit against the nearest relatives only further complicates the already complicated administrative procedure. Such a requirement leads to the situation that many beneficiaries will not be able to exercise the right to financial social assistance. This approach stultifies the very essence of social protection whose purpose is precisely to help the most vulnerable layers of population to cope with poverty and penury, and not to deny them that right by placing conditions that they cannot meet, thus directly violating the basic principles of social protection - the principle of efficiency, the principle of availability of social protection and the principle of the best interests of beneficiaries.